MAHIYATUL AMRAZ (PATHOLOGY)

Mahiyatul Amraz or Pathology is a branch of medical science that is focused on the study and diagnosis of disease.

A pathologist plays a crucial role in medical care. They are medical specialists, who have considerable skills which enable them to contribute significantly to high quality of efficient and effective health care. The skills they develop because of training first as a medical practitioner and then as specialist allows them to understand clinical disease processes, diagnostic methods and gives them to understand the specialised ability to report diagnostic tests.

The management of patients with disease inflammatory or neoplastic (either benign or malignant) is becoming ever more dependent on  knowledge of the pathology. The pathologist is well versed in diagnosing diseases cases on histopathology (tissues), haematology (blood), cytology (cells from tissues and fluids) and clinical pathology (urine analysis, etc), thus helps the clinician in treatment, The pathologist is also helpful in identifying the disease at an early stage of cancer by using pap smears (e.g. carcinoma cervix), fine needle aspiration cytology (palpable and deep seat masses) and using tumour markers.

SYLLABUS:

Mahiyatul amraz syllabus comprises of both old concept and modern concept.

QADEEM NAZARIYA ( OLD CONCEPT ):

THEORY:

The qadeem nazariya or old concept comprises of ILMUL AHWAL, ILMUL ASBAB, ILMUL ALAAMAAT.

ILMUL AHWAL comprises the basis of disease. It also includes Sui mizaj, Sui Tarkeeb and Taffaruq ittesaal. These are basis of each and every disease, either solitary or in combination.

ILMUL ASBAAB and ILMUL ALAAMAAT encompass the factors of etiology (causes) and symptoms respectively.

PRACTICAL:

The practical unani pathological aspect comprises the basic diagnostic tools of unani medicine necessary in the assessment of patient. And record work is maintained by the students for the same. These are as follows:

1. Diagnosis of Sui Mizaj– Altered temperament

Homeostasis is lost by derranged temperament.These balances is maintained by humours. Corection of this altered temperament leads to health.

2. Nabz – Pulse

it is the key diagnostic tool for assessment of patient at that very instant. Various types of nabz denote various conditions.

3. Bawl – Urine analysis

It is also very important diagnostic tool which in use by eminent physicians from the time before the invention of microscope. The parameters used are Dalail e bawl.

4. Baraaz – Stool analysis

Stool examination is also one of the basic diagnostic tool. The normal stool denotes normal gut function. And an abnormal stool denotes abnormal gut function.

The reaffirmation can be done with the above hadees  translating as

“ Gut issue is the root cause for any disease.” (Fig.1)

JADEED NAZARIYA ( MODERN CONCEPT)

The Modern concept comprises of Mahiyatul Amraz Umoomi ( General Pathology ) and Mahiyatul Amraz Nizami (Systemic pathology).

Mahiyatul Amraz Umoomi ( General Pathology) comprehends the Cell Injury, Cellular Adaptation, Inflammation, Haemodynamic disorders, Diseases of immune system, Neoplasm.

Mahiyatul Amraz Nizami ( Systemic Pathology) constitutes

Amraz Dahan,Mida, Ama (Gastrointestinal diseases )

Amraz Kabid, Marara and Banqaras (Liver and Biliary and pancreatic diseases )

Amraz Qalb wa Uruq (Cardiovascular diseases )

Amraz Ria ( Respiratory System)

Amraz Kulya ( Renal diseases)

Amraz Aza Tanasul ( Reproductive System)

Amraz Nafsaniya ( Nervous System)

Amraz Aza Zahira comprising musculoskeletal and skin disorders.

After 17^th Century, the concept of akhlat (humoral theory) developed into new relevation in the shape of ILMUL JARASEEM (Microbiology).

LABORATORY :

We have central laboratory facilitating the investigations of out-patient(OP) and in-patient(IP) patients.

The laboratory facilitates the evaluation  for Haematological investigations, serological investigations, biochemical investigations, Urine analysis, Semen analysis, Stool analysis, sputum culture.

PRACTICAL TRAINING

Students undergo training for all the above procedures. Aim is to enhance the technical knowledge of students by practical demonstration, training and observation of histopathological slides. Record work is maintained by the students for the above techniques.

(Fig.2,3,4: SECOND PROFESSIONAL BATCH 2023-2024 UNDERGOING PRACTICAL TRAINING)

FACULTY :

The faculty comprises

1. Ahmed Akbaruddin – Professor – HOD
2. Amatul Mubeen Aliya – Associate Professor
3. Sufiya Tahseen – Assistant Professor
4. Atqia Asnah – Assistant Professor